Journal of Quantitative Methods

Influence of Supply Chain Agility on Profitability: Evidence from Pakistan

Hyder Ali, Danish Ahmed Siddiqui — Fri, 12 Dec 2025 08:31:56 +0000

Purpose – This study aims to explore the influence of factors associated with the supply chain agility (SCA) on the profitability of the textile industry. After reviewing the available theoretical foundations in the relevant field, the influencing factors were found including SPD, responsiveness, competence and flexibility to impact on organizational profitability.

Research Design & Methodology – The study utilized quantitative design by using an adapted questionnaire (having 30 items and 5 constructs including Responsiveness (RSP), Speed (SPD), Flexibility (FLEX), Competence (COMP), and Profitability ( PROF) to collect data from the target population. The gathered data was then analyzed by employing regression test on Smart PLS.

Findings- The results suggested a negative and significant relationship between speed and profitability. This means that speedy processes actually decrease profitability. Moreover, this study found a positive and moderate effect of flexibility on profitability. Others two i.e. competence and responsiveness doesn’t seems to have a significant effect of profitability

Implications – The study implies that speed is negatively effecting the production of textile industry. Therefore textile companies should focus more on quality of production.

Extended Lai Distribution; Increase, decrease, upside and downside bathtub distribution

Zeeshan Maqsood, Saima Atif, Sadia Ashraf — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 12:45:32 +0000

In the study, a distribution with four parameter of modified Weibull distribution has been purposed. The Purposed distribution has an ability to show decreasing & increasing, bathtub and upside-down bathtub failure rate. Quantile function for the purposed distribution is also represented. The new distribution has special sub models as its special cases such as Weibull distribution, Newly Modified Weibull Distribution and extreme value distribution. Infinite representation of moments has also been represented. Maximum Likelihood estimation has been adopted for the estimation of new distribution. The present study also involves the goodness of fit for the purposed distribution. Statistical Inference for the purposed distribution parameters is also illustrated. Numerical study has also been conducted for the parameter estimation. WPP also use to show the reliability of purposed distribution. Two applications are also considered for the demonstration of purposed distribution.

Apple Production of Pakistan: Time Series Modeling and Forecasting

Muhammad Wasim Amir — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Apple is an important and popular fruit because it contains fiber, calories, vitamin C, and multivitamins, all of which are beneficial for human health. The demand for apples is increasing due to an increase in the population of Pakistan. Therefore, it is imperative to forecast apple production and to estimate the future trends of its production and consumption in the country. Hence, this study is concerned with forecasting the apple production of Pakistan. For this purpose, various time series models are fitted on the historical time series data (1958-2017) and the search for the best model is conducted based on the model selection criteria. The results indicate that the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average or ARIMA (2, 1, 2) model is a suitable time series model to forecast the apple production of Pakistan. The assumptions of the selected model are also evaluated. On the basis of the ARIMA (2, 1, 2) model, the apple production of Pakistan is forecasted to be 697.651 thousand tons in 2030, under the assumption that no irregular pattern occurs.

The dynamic relationship between international tourism and CO2 emissions: An empirical analysis

Nosheen Nasir — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper scrutinizes the dynamic relationship between international tourism and CO₂ emissions for the global countries spanning over the period 1990-2018. The study used panel econometric techniques as it accounts for heteroskedasticity and first order autocorrelation problem. Results from fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) model describe that international tourism significantly contributes to the level of CO₂ emissions and energy consumption, urbanization, trade and foreign direct investment have long run relationship with CO₂ emissions. This study uses energy consumption, urbanization, trade and foreign direct investment as control explanatory variables. The long run association between economic growth and CO₂ emissions has been examined through using Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The long run estimates support EKC hypothesis. The study examined the impacts of international tourism on CO₂emissions across developed and developing countries. However, the empirical findings document that, for developed countries tourism leads to increase in carbon emissions while for developing countries tourism leads to reduction in carbon emissions. Finding of the study are important for policy makers and suggest that sustainable tourism management policies, environmental protection policies and lower emissions technology should be promoted in international tourism.

Potential Challenges in Logistics Outsourcing and their Impact on Supply Chain Management

Syed Waqas Aleem, Muhammad Asim, Salman Manzoor — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Logistics outsourcing is one of the common practices of the Supply Chain Management (SCM) and has proven to be effective to build competitive advantages in organizations. The academic literature has contributed to the effectiveness of logistics outsourcing in SCM. However, few studies have addressed the potential challenges faced in effective implementation of the relationship. Therefore, the current study aimed to address the challenges involved in logistics outsourcing and investigated the extent to which these challenges effect supply chain performance. The results revealed that challenges of warehousing, outsourcing inefficiency, and accountability significantly affect supply chain performance of food industries in Karachi. However, loss of control and security and track and trace gaps does not have a significant effect on supply chain performance. This indicates that industries should have a special focus on the challenges of warehousing, efficiency of outsourcing, and accountability in logistics outsourcing.

Asset Index as an Indicator of Household Permanent Income in India: Comparison with Total Expenditure and Income

Soumyajit Bhar — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Finding an appropriate proxy of permanent income has always remained a challenge to empirically analyze a diverse range of microeconomic questions. This challenge gets even more complicated in developing economies where adequate and reliable household survey data is limited, to say the least. As the commonly employed measures of economic status, in this case, that is, total consumption expenditure and income are prone to various errors, especially so in developing economies, asset indices, constructed through different methods, are employed as an alternative. The current study attempted to examine how far these measures correspond with each other. More importantly, it also represented the permanent income of households in the context of India through both phases of India Human Development Survey (IHDS). The assumption employed to determine which one of these is a better proxy of permanent income was that the permanent income of households would remain relatively the same over a decade or less. IHDS’s approach of surveying exactly the same households over 7–8 years ensures that which one of these is a better proxy of permanent income can be discerned based on the aforementioned assumption. All these measures were found to be positively correlated with each other to a moderate extent, affirming the relationships explored in the literature. Asset index was found to be a strong and much better proxy of permanent income than the other two. This study highlighted the need to explore the potential in order to employ asset index as a proxy of permanent income in different research contexts, beyond current areas of its application.

Probing Real Economic Growth through Institutional Quality and Fiscal Policy in Pakistan

Ayesha Qamar, Ghulam Ghouse, Aribah Aslam, Kashif Habeeb — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The current study examined the effect of institutional development and fiscal policy on real economic growth. It employed Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique to address the issue of potential endogeneity, which may arise in the presence of political institutions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to construct an index of institutional quality. The real economic growth in Pakistan covering the period from 1984 to 2020 provides ample evidences that (i) tax rates have negative and insignificant impacts on real economic growth (ii) government expenditures on social indicators helps in augmenting real growth (iii) link between institutional quality and real economic growth is positive but insignificant (iv) increase in investment pushes up real growth as well as lagged value of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) also helps in promoting growth, and (v) trade openness restricts real growth. Accordingly, the study suggested that government should enhance expenditures on social indicators. To fulfill this purpose, there is need to increase tax-to-GDP ratio through expanding the tax base; not the tax rate. Furthermore, there is also a need to restructure certain main political institutions which help to improve economic growth, accountability, equity, security, and transparency.

Demand Side Determinants of Child Schooling in Urban Slums of Islamabad

Saira Habib, Muhammad Jamil, Eatzaz Ahmad — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigates the demand side determinants of child schooling by taking probability of enrollment as child schooling measure. Reduced form demand functions have been used to analyze the determining factors of child schooling for data obtained from primary survey for slums of Islamabad. The study explores that the demographic variables of the respondent and household head are important in decision making process. Boys are more likely to attend school as compared to girls and families with female household head have fewer chances to send their children to school. Economic conditions of the household significantly affect the probability of child enrollment and father employment status has significant negative affect on enrollment. However, occupation type significantly enhances the chances of school enrollment.

Performance of PC and Modified PC Algorithms of Graph Theoretic Approach: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

Rizwan Fazal, Atiq Ur Rehman, Faizan Hamayat, Tariq Majeed, Salita Salita — Sat, 29 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Keeping in view the work of Swanson and Granger (1997) among others, the performance of PC algorithm and Modified PC algorithm of graph theoretic approach in term of size and power properties are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The study recommends modified PC algorithm as the dominant approach to causality as it successfully expose the correct causal relationship between variables and best to differentiate between correct and spurious causality.

New Classical Theory holds in case of Pakistan: An Evidence from Micro data

Aliya Naz — Tue, 14 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Migration is an active procedure and it plays a vital role in the growth of the country. There are many determinants and factors of migration such as wage, employment, education, age, marriage, and job-related variables (Job search, transfer of job) (Labour Force Survey of Pakistan). The migration may be internal, external, regional, and rural-urban. This study examines the intertemporal analysis of rural-urban migration in Pakistan by using micro data (Labour Force Survey of Pakistan). This study also investigates that “Neo Classical Theory of Migration” holds in case of Pakistan. The dependent variable is migration which is binary or dichotomous, so the objectives of study are estimated by the logistic regression model. The results show that the Neo-classical theory exists in case of Pakistan, and wage is the most significant and positive determinant of migration in Pakistan.