Journal of Management and Research

Impact of Knowledge Sharing on Employee Performance in Higher Education: Moderating Role of Employee Motivation and Employee Engagement

Iqra Bibi — 2024-09-27

The objective is to assess the impact of knowledge sharing, employee motivation, and employee engagement on overall performance. The quantitative research method is used to collect primary data through an adoptive structured questionnaire based on a 5-Likert scale. The responses are recorded from 322 respondents through the method of sampling in many stages. Using SmartPLS software, recorded responses are examined using statistical tests (such as regression and correlation). The results indicate a positive relationship among knowledge sharing, employee engagement, motivation, and performance. All hypotheses (H1, H2, H3) were accepted with t-values exceeding 1.96. This study elaborates on how knowledge sharing along with the moderating effects of motivation and engagement, improves employee performance, particularly in the academic sector. It also adds to the existing literature on these relationships.

Best HRM Practices or Context-Specific HRM Practices: Evidence from the Telecommunications Sector of Pakistan

Farwa Abbas — 2024-06-28

The current study attempted to explore the idea of convergence versus divergence of best Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in the context of Pakistan. In recent years, the businesses of multinational companies have grown immensely. This, in turn, has raised a debate of divergence vs. convergence of management practices in general and HRM practices, in particular, due to socio-cultural constructs that exist in a society. While, a major part of the international HRM literature has focused on the developed countries or the Western world. The current study, however, examined the convergence vs. divergence of the best HRM practices of a developing country, keeping in view the individual cultural values that people possess. The data was collected through a survey questionnaire technique from the telecommunications sector of Pakistan, which comprises Multinational Companies’ (MNCs) subsidiaries. The results showed that the best HRM practices should be carried out by incorporating the cultural values of the host country. However, there are certain practices that people prefer to follow in a standardized manner. Hence, the managers working in MNCs’ subsidiaries are suggested to incorporate and take into account the cultural variations while designing the HRM policies and practices. The current study also provided insights into the Pakistani culture for international research and the business community as well.

Unlocking Pre-Primary Teachers’ Potential for Creativity through Job Crafting and Psychological Empowerment

Shagufta Shaheen — 2024-06-28

In the present-day world, education is considered to be the key element of progress for any nation. Every stride towards progress demands efforts, and undoubtedly the educational institutions rely heavily on the efforts of the teachers. Ensuring the quality of students’ education and research to meet the challenges of the current era are paramount goals. The current research aimed to study the relationship between job crafting, psychological empowerment and creativity among pre-primary teachers. The study encompassed a total sample of 250 pre-primary teachers from the public and private schools of Lahore, Pakistan. Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation Analysis, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Hayes PROCESS Mediation Analysis were applied to analyze the data through SPSS 26. The results of the study revealed a significant correlation among the variables. Results of regression analysis showed that job crafting (task and relational dimension), and psychological empowerment (meaning and impact dimension) were significant positive predictors of creativity. Furthermore, the mediation analysis showed that meaning significantly mediated the relationship between task crafting and creativity, as well as relational crafting and creativity. Similarly, impact was also found to be a significant mediator between relational crating and creativity. The findings of this research hold significant implications for both educators and policymakers of early childhood education. Confirming the crucial role of job crafting through the mediation of psychological empowerment in fostering creativity, this study underscores the necessity of integrating insights into the value, potential strategies, and effects of job crafting and psychological empowerment into teacher training programs.

Dynamics of Team-Member Exchange (TMX): A Bibliometric Analysis

Muhammad Umar Shahzad — 2024-06-28

Team-Member Exchange (TMX) and its associated positive organizational outcomes have garnered significant interest among organizational researchers and psychologists. To address this interest, the current research through bibliometric analysis reviewed TMX and its profound impact on the related concepts within organizational research. Utilizing a targeted search on Scopus, 113 articles were shortlisted. The substantial influence of TMX on both individual and team-level outcomes was explored by applying the Social Exchange Theory (SET). The thematic analysis and the implications of TMX, including its connections to the leadership roles, cultural contexts, and individual attributes that can enhance TMX were discussed in detail. The research study contributes to the field by providing the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis of TMX, highlighting growth trends, dominant themes, and key author collaborations which differentiates it from the previous reviews that lacked such detailed quantitative insights. This study thus, provides useful insights, recommendations, and theoretical contributions for future research in this domain.

Impact of MBA Programs in Fostering the Development of Professionals: The Case of Bangladesh

Md. Ashraful Alam — 2024-06-28

The human capital theory suggests that individuals can significantly enhance their knowledge, skills, and marketability by participating in education and training programs relevant to their job. Many professionals in Bangladesh are returning to academia, since they consider the MBA degree as an advanced managerial degree for their professional development. Enrolling in an MBA program represents a strategic investment in one's human capital. The impact of the MBA degree on the development of employability and the factors contributing to it remains undetermined. Thus, this study aims to evaluate how managerial education enhances employability and shapes attitudes in Bangladeshi professionals. An explanatory sequential approach based on mixed methods research design was followed for collecting and analyzing data. The study population consisted of the alumni of evening MBA programs conducted in public universities in Bangladesh and their employers. The analysis was based on 390 valid questionnaire responses and 10 comprehensive interviews with employers. The alumni of MBA programs acknowledged substantial improvement in managerial knowledge, skills, and attitudes, a viewpoint endorsed by their employers. These results may inspire individuals without an MBA to consider pursuing the degree, aiming to improve their understanding and abilities in management with the purpose of developing their future careers. The results present a persuasive case for employers to support their employees in pursuing managerial education. It is important to recognize that the growth of the knowledge and skills of professionals is closely linked to organizational development. An employee with proper managerial capabilities is considered as a valuable resource for any organization and also contributes to national development.

Impact of Job Stress on Job Performance and Innovative Work Behavior in the Construction Industry of Pakistan: Role of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) as a Mediator

Nadia Shafeeq Mughal — 2024-06-28

The current research explores the relationship between job stress, job performance and innovative work behaviour, as mediated by psychological capital (PsyCap), in the construction sector in Pakistan. More specifically, it investigates as to whether PsyCap indeed helps to mediate the interaction between job stress and job performance. For this purpose, cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and questionnaires were administered on one hundred (100) construction workers. The results revealed that high levels of PsyCap have a positive relationship with job performance and innovative work behaviour, as well as a negative relationship with job stress. The study also examined how PsyCap mediates the negative impact of job stress, as well as the need to reduce it and improve employees’ productivity and creativity in stressful areas. The findings enhance the knowledge base of PsyCap as an organizational asset that may effectively minimize the effects of job stress and provide suggestions to enhance the management of employees’ outcomes. In light of these findings, organizations in the construction sector should promote PsyCap to boost the performance and resistance of workers to stress in the demanding environment that characterizes the industry.

Enhancing University Students' Career Orientation Through Personal Growth Tools: The Moderating Role of Career Self-Management

Humira Mirza — 2024-06-28

Gaining self-awareness can be accomplished through practicing personal growth tools. This study highlights how career self-management moderates the impact of coping strategies, mindfulness, and self-regulation on students facing challenges. Furthermore, the study contributes to an expanding body of research on how the university students in Lahore, Pakistan, relate mindfulness, coping mechanisms, and self-regulation to their career orientation. With a sample size of 384 students, the survey data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), employing descriptive analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, response rates, and response profiles. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was also used for hypothesis testing. The findings of this study reveal that effective coping strategies, when moderated by career self-management, significantly influence career orientation. Students who adeptly manage challenges are more likely to overcome failures and remain optimistic about their career future. Furthermore, it suggests that enhancing coping abilities can improve the student goal adjustment skills when facing future challenges. To align their effects and drive themselves towards realistic goal coping strategies is essential for building a successful career orientation. Additionally, these developmental strategies are recommended to the universities because by considering factors such as mindfulness, coping strategies and self-regulation, policy makers can design more effective interventions.

Influence Of Spiritual Leadership on Green Behavior: The Mediating Role of Green HRM and the Moderating Role of Individual Green Values

Sonia Hassan — 2023-12-31

Given the importance of fostering green behavior among employees in multinational corporations (MNCs), the current study aimed to determine how spiritual leadership influences employees' in-role and out-of-role green behavior. The data was gathered from MBA executives’ programs with at least one year's experience working in the pharmaceutical industry. The sample size was 658 and PLS-SEM software was selected to perform the analysis. According to the findings, MNCs may develop in-role and extra-role green habits with the support of spiritual leadership and adopting green Human Resource Management (HRM) practices. Additionally, this relationship may be restrained by individual green values. Organizations can encourage to promote a culture of environmental sustainability by utilizing green HRM techniques, fostering spiritual leadership, and inspiring people to adopt green behavior through training programs and eco-friendly policies and practices. The results further emphasized that how crucial it is to include spiritual leadership in the creation and application of HRM practices. By doing this, companies may encourage a culture of sustainability and green behavior among their staff which can enhance both organizational performance and social responsibility. The current study added to the body of knowledge by providing new reasons to determine the relationship between spiritual leadership and staff members’ environmentally friendly behaviors (both inside and outside the workplace). Due to environmental concerns, the corporate sector now has a larger role in protecting the environment.

Role of Government in Making Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Conducive in Pakistan: Case of Emerging Businesses

Urooj Qamar — 2023-12-31

Entrepreneurship is strongly linked with prosperity, economic development, and wellbeing of a country. The current study attempted to fill this gap and intended to empirically assess the phenomenon of entrepreneurship in Pakistan as well. This process was carried out by analyzing the local context of Pakistan and the role of government according to the standpoint of entrepreneurs. The current study attempted to determine the entrepreneurial situation as experienced by the entrepreneurs in order to understand as to why the culture of entrepreneurship has not been developed in Pakistan in spite of self-employment arrangements introduced by numerous government regimes. For this purpose, a qualitative research strategy was employed to explore this phenomenon. Moreover, about 65 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the experiences of the entrepreneurs with government in their entrepreneurial journey. The majority of the entrepreneurs revealed either a total ignorance or undeniable distrust in the government schemes. The entrepreneurs complained of bureaucratic bottlenecks, delays in responses, corrupt culture, and lack of support by government. The results also showed an indication of ‘informal entrepreneurship’ in Pakistan which connotes that businesses prefer to remain unregistered and non-documented by keeping their financial transactions undeclared in order to escape labor law and tax regulations. This, according to the participants of the current study, is considered fundamental by business owners due to tough and complex regulatory procedures for their new businesses. Moreover, it is also further intensified by the unhelping behavior of the pertinent government institutes and their demand of “illegal gratifications” in lieu of offering any service.

Sense-Making of Governance and Institutional Responses to Covid-19 Pandemic in the Context of Pakistan and Afghanistan

Abid Momand — 2023-12-31

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on various aspects of the global community as an atypical disaster. Pakistan and Afghanistan, members of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), also suffered significant consequences. The current study is based on the sense-making research strategy in which the early response strategies of Pakistan and Afghanistan towards Covid-19 pandemic were determined and compared. The current analysis relies on secondary data gathered from diverse sources. For instance, academic research studies, official government reports, credible statistical websites, emergency plans, and information provided by globally recognized organizations, such as World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and International Monetary Fund (IMF). The data was rigorously scrutinized through a comparative analysis of institutional and governance responses of prominent actors in both countries. The two nations of Pakistan and Afghanistan share several commonalities, yet their demographic and political nuances set them apart from one another. Notwithstanding the existing political, economic, and healthcare challenges, the initial responses of the two countries to the Covid-19 pandemic were comparatively favorable, as indicated by the research findings. Despite facing several obstacles, Pakistan, as a developing and burgeoning nation, mounted a relatively effective response to the crisis as compared to Afghanistan. However, Afghanistan's fight against Covid-19 pandemic also proved to be effective owing to the support of international organizations and the community.